In this forward technology world, there are none who have never practiced the Internet. Computer Network is a collection of computers that are attached to each other for sharing resources. Knowledge of Networking is an essential condition for every interview. We at Testprep training have the most often asked Networking Interview Questions and Answers that will definitely help you to prepare for the Networking interview session. Let us get started with the basics!
1. What is your experience with network protocols such as TCP/IP, HTTP, DNS, and DHCP?
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) – This is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP and IP are the two main protocols in this suite, with TCP responsible for the reliable transmission of data, and IP responsible for routing data packets between network devices.
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – This is a client-server protocol used to transfer data (such as HTML files) on the World Wide Web. HTTP defines the way that client devices (such as a web browser) send requests to web servers, and how web servers respond to these requests.
- DNS (Domain Name System) – This is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the internet. It is used to translate domain names into IP addresses that can be used by computers to communicate with each other.
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – This is a network protocol used to assign IP addresses automatically to devices on a network. It enables network administrators to manage and allocate IP addresses to devices dynamically, without manual configuration on each device.
These protocols play a crucial role in enabling communication and data transfer on the internet and local networks.
2. Can you explain the OSI model and its layers?
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a reference model for how data is transmitted between devices on a network. It provides a standard way of thinking about network communication and is widely used as a framework for network design and troubleshooting.
The OSI model is comprised of seven layers, each with a specific role and responsibility in the transmission of data:
- Physical Layer: This layer deals with the physical transmission of data, such as the electrical, mechanical, and functional aspects of the transmission medium (e.g. copper cable, fiber optic cable, etc.).
- Data Link Layer: This layer provides reliable delivery of data across a single network segment by dealing with the physical addressing of devices and error detection and correction.
- Network Layer: This layer is responsible for routing data from its source to its destination, using logical addressing (such as IP addresses).
- Transport Layer: This layer provides reliable, end-to-end delivery of data by dividing it into segments and reassembling it at the receiving end.
- Session Layer: This layer manages the establishment, maintenance, and termination of sessions between network devices.
- Presentation Layer: This layer is responsible for formatting the data to be transmitted, such as converting it into a standard format.
- Application Layer: This layer provides the interface between the application software and the underlying network. This layer is responsible for defining the communication protocols used by applications to exchange data.
Each layer communicates with the layer above and below it, and the layers are organized so that each layer only communicates with the adjacent layers. This modular structure makes it easier to design, implement, and troubleshoot network communication.
3. What is the difference between a switch and a router?
A switch and a router are both network devices that play an important role in connecting devices in a network. However, they have different functions and operate at different layers of the OSI model:
- Switch: A switch is a data link layer (layer 2) device that connects devices within a single network segment. It operates at the MAC (Media Access Control) address level and is responsible for forwarding data packets based on the destination MAC address in the packet. Switches are designed to increase network efficiency by reducing network traffic and enabling multiple devices to communicate with each other simultaneously.
- Router: A router is a network layer (layer 3) device that connects multiple network segments and routes data packets based on the destination IP address. Routers are designed to route data packets between different networks, enabling communication between devices that are not on the same local network. Routers also provide security by enforcing access control and security policies.
In summary, switches are used to connect devices within a single network and forward data based on MAC addresses, while routers are used to connect different networks and route data based on IP addresses.
4. Can you explain subnetting and how it is used in IP networking?
Subnetting is the process of dividing a large network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks, also known as subnets. In IP networking, subnetting allows a single network to be divided into multiple smaller subnets, each with its own unique IP address range.
The primary benefit of subnetting is to improve network organization and security by dividing a large network into smaller, more secure subnets. By doing so, network administrators can control access to resources and reduce the size of broadcast domains, which can improve network performance. Additionally, subnetting allows for more efficient use of IP addresses and helps to overcome the limitations of the Classful IP addressing system.
To create a subnet, administrators use subnet masks to divide the network into multiple subnets, each with its own unique IP address range. The subnet mask is a binary mask applied to an IP address to determine which portion of the address is used for the network portion and which portion is used for the host portion.
For example, consider a network with IP address 192.168.1.0/24, which is a Class C network with a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. To create subnets, the administrator can create a custom subnet mask that allows for a different number of host addresses per subnet. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.128 could be used to create two subnets, each with 64 host addresses.
Subnetting is an important concept in IP networking and is widely used by network administrators to improve network organization, security, and performance.
5. How do you troubleshoot network connectivity issues?
To troubleshoot network connectivity issues, follow these steps:
- Check if the device is connected to the network and if the network cable is properly connected.
- Restart the device and the router.
- Check the IP configuration of the device to make sure it’s correct and that the DNS settings are correct.
- Disable and re-enable the network adapter on the device.
- Try using a different network cable or a different port on the router.
- Make sure that the router firmware is up-to-date.
- Disable any firewall software temporarily to check if it’s blocking the connection.
- Check if other devices on the network are able to connect.
- If all else fails, try a network reset.
If the issue persists, contact the manufacturer or your internet service provider for further assistance.
6. Have you worked with firewalls? Can you explain how they work and their role in network security?
A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules.
Firewalls can be hardware-based or software-based and are typically positioned at the network perimeter, acting as the first line of defense against unauthorized access. Firewalls use a set of rules, known as access control lists (ACLs), to determine what network traffic is allowed to pass through the firewall and what traffic should be blocked.
Firewalls can also perform additional security functions, such as packet filtering, which examines the contents of network packets and allows or blocks them based on the source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, and other parameters. Some firewalls also provide application-layer filtering, which can inspect and control specific types of network traffic, such as HTTP, FTP, or email.
In summary, the role of firewalls in network security is to:
- Prevent unauthorized access to a network.
- Block malicious traffic, such as malware and hacking attempts.
- Control network traffic by enforcing security policies.
- Protect sensitive information and critical systems.
- Help secure networks against internal and external threats.
7. What is your experience with virtual networking and cloud-based infrastructure?
Virtual networking refers to the creation of virtual versions of network devices, such as switches and routers, that can run on a physical host or in a virtualized environment. This allows network administrators to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical network infrastructure, and enables network isolation, segmentation, and customization. Virtual networking is widely used in cloud computing environments, where virtual networks are used to provide network connectivity between virtual machines and other resources.
Cloud-based infrastructure refers to the delivery of computing resources, such as servers, storage, and applications, over the internet from a cloud provider. The provider is responsible for maintaining the underlying infrastructure, which eliminates the need for organizations to invest in and manage their own physical hardware. This allows organizations to scale their resources up or down as needed, reducing capital expenditures and increasing operational flexibility.
In summary, virtual networking and cloud-based infrastructure enable organizations to create highly flexible, scalable, and cost-effective network and computing environments, making it possible for them to rapidly adapt to changing business needs.
8. How do you ensure network performance and reliability?
To ensure network performance and reliability, the following steps can be taken:
- Proper network design: A well-designed network architecture that takes into account network traffic patterns, security requirements, and the needs of various applications can help ensure network performance and reliability.
- Bandwidth management: Proper management of available bandwidth can help ensure that critical applications receive the resources they need to function optimally.
- Monitoring: Regular monitoring of network performance, using tools like network analyzers and performance management software, can help identify and resolve performance issues before they become serious.
- Load balancing: Load balancing distributes network traffic evenly across multiple network devices, reducing the risk of bottlenecks and improving overall network performance.
- Traffic shaping: Traffic shaping is the process of regulating network traffic, allowing critical traffic to be prioritized and non-critical traffic to be throttled.
- Quality of Service (QoS): Quality of Service is a network management technique that prioritizes network traffic based on business priorities, improving the reliability and performance of critical applications.
- Redundancy: Implementing network redundancy, such as multiple paths for data to travel, can help ensure that the network remains up and running even if a device or link fails.
- Security: Implementing security measures, such as firewalls, encryption, and access controls, can help protect the network from security threats and improve overall network performance by reducing the burden of security-related processing.
- Regular maintenance: Regular maintenance, including software updates, backups, and the replacement of aging hardware, can help ensure the ongoing performance and reliability of the network.
9. Can you explain the difference between static and dynamic IP addressing?
Static IP addressing and dynamic IP addressing are two methods used to assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
Static IP addressing involves manually assigning a permanent IP address to a device. This IP address does not change and is always the same for the device, even after rebooting. Static IP addresses are often used for servers, printers, and other devices that need to be easily identified and accessible on the network.
Dynamic IP addressing, on the other hand, involves automatically assigning an IP address to a device from a pool of available addresses. The IP address assigned to a device may change each time the device is restarted or after a specified amount of time. Dynamic IP addresses are often used for devices such as laptops, smartphones, and other devices that move between networks or are turned off frequently.
In summary, the main difference between static and dynamic IP addressing is that static IP addresses remain the same, while dynamic IP addresses can change. Static IP addresses are often used for servers and other devices that need to be easily accessible, while dynamic IP addresses are used for devices that move between networks or are turned off frequently.
10. What security measures do you implement to secure a network?
To secure a network, the following security measures can be implemented:
- Firewall: A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
- Virtual Private Network (VPN): A VPN provides a secure and encrypted connection between remote devices and the network, helping to prevent unauthorized access.
- Access control: Access control measures, such as user authentication and authorization, are used to control who has access to the network and what they can do once they are connected.
- Encryption: Encrypting sensitive data, such as passwords and financial information, helps to protect it from being intercepted and read by unauthorized individuals.
- Anti-virus and anti-malware software: Anti-virus and anti-malware software helps to protect the network from malware, such as viruses and trojans, that can cause damage or steal sensitive information.
- Intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS): IDPS detect and prevent unauthorized access to the network by monitoring network traffic and identifying and blocking malicious activity.
- Regular software updates: Regularly updating software and operating systems helps to ensure that known security vulnerabilities are patched and the network remains protected.
- Regular backups: Regular backups of network data help to ensure that critical data can be restored in the event of a security breach or hardware failure.
- User education: Educating users about good security practices, such as using strong passwords and avoiding suspicious email attachments, can help to reduce the risk of security breaches.
11. Explain the four layers of the TCP/IP Model.
- Application Layer: Application is the top-most layer in the model. It involves methods that use the Transport Layer Protocol to broadcast the data to their target. There are several Application Layer Protocols such as FTP, HTTP, SNMP protocols, SMTP, etc.
- Transport Layer: It accepts the data or information from the Application Layer which is over the Transport Layer. It serves as a spine between the host’s system joined with each other and it essentially regards the transportation of data. UDP and TCP are essentially utilized as Transport Layer protocols.
- Network or Internet Layer: This layer transmits the packets over the network. Packets essentially include source & destination IP addresses and original data to be transferred.
- Network Interface Layer: Network Interface is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP model. Also, it transports the packets among various hosts. It involves encapsulation of IP packets into blocks, planning IP addresses to physical hardware accessories, etc.
12. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are two of the most commonly used protocols for transmitting data over a network.
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that establishes a reliable, ordered, and error-checked communication channel between two devices. When transmitting data using TCP, the sending device splits the data into segments and sends each segment to the receiving device. The receiving device then sends an acknowledgment back to the sending device, indicating that it has received the segment. This process continues until all the data has been transmitted and acknowledged.
UDP, on the other hand, is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a reliable communication channel between devices. Instead, UDP simply sends data segments, called datagrams, to the receiving device without checking for acknowledgment or guaranteeing delivery. Because of this, UDP is often used for applications that require fast, real-time transmission of data, such as streaming video or audio, where the cost of lost or delayed data is low.
In summary, the main difference between TCP and UDP is that TCP provides a reliable, ordered, and error-checked communication channel, while UDP provides a fast, unreliable, and unordered communication channel. The choice between using TCP or UDP for a specific application depends on the requirements for reliability, speed, and data transmission order.
13. How does DNS work?
DNS (Domain Name System) is the system that translates domain names into IP addresses. When you enter a domain name into your web browser, a DNS server returns the corresponding IP address so your browser can load the website.
DNS works by using a hierarchical system of servers, starting with a root server, which points to top-level domain (TLD) servers such as .com or .org, which then point to the authoritative DNS servers for a specific domain. These authoritative DNS servers hold the mappings of IP addresses to domain names for that domain.
When a request is made to resolve a domain name, the process is as follows:
- Your computer checks its local DNS cache to see if the IP address is stored there.
- If the IP address is not in the cache, your computer sends a query to its configured DNS resolver.
- The DNS resolver sends a query to a root server to find the TLD for the domain name.
- The root server returns the address of a TLD server responsible for the TLD requested.
- The DNS resolver sends a query to the TLD server, which returns the address of an authoritative DNS server for the specific domain.
- The DNS resolver sends a query to the authoritative DNS server, which returns the IP address for the domain name.
- The DNS resolver caches the IP address for future use and returns the IP address to the original requester.
DNS is a crucial component of the Internet as it enables humans to access websites using easily memorable domain names instead of numerical IP addresses.
14. What is the purpose of a router in a network?
A router is a networking device that connects multiple networks together, allowing devices on different networks to communicate with each other. The primary purpose of a router is to forward data packets between networks based on their destination IP addresses.
Routers perform several key functions in a network:
- Routing: The router receives data packets from one network and determines the best path for those packets to reach their destination on another network.
- Network Address Translation (NAT): Routers use NAT to allow multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address when accessing the Internet.
- DHCP: Routers often act as DHCP servers, automatically assigning IP addresses to devices on the network.
- Firewall: Routers can also be equipped with built-in firewalls to help protect the network from unauthorized access and security threats.
- Quality of Service (QoS): Routers can prioritize network traffic based on type, application, or other criteria, to ensure that important traffic such as voice or video gets priority over less critical traffic like email or file downloads.
Overall, routers play a central role in connecting and managing networks, ensuring that data is properly routed and that network security and performance are maintained.
15. What are the basic purpose of Networking?
Networks generally serve various purposes such as:
- Sharing hardware accessories such as input devices, printers, etc
- Assist in conversations in many forms such as audios, videos, emails, messages, etc
- Guidance in sharing data and knowledge using virtual machines
- Also, help to administer software that is placed on other devices
16. How do you define VPN (Virtual Private Network)?
The Virtual Private Network or VPN is a private Wide Area Network) WAN established on the internet. It enables the production of a secured tunnel (protected network) among different networks utilizing the internet (public network). Also, by practicing the VPN, a customer can connect to the company’s network remotely.
17. What is a subnet mask and how does it work?
A subnet mask is a 32-bit number used in IP networking to divide an IP address into two parts: the network address and the host address. The purpose of the subnet mask is to define which portion of the IP address is used to identify the network and which portion is used to identify the host.
The subnet mask works by dividing the IP address into two parts: a prefix and a host identifier. The prefix represents the network address and the host identifier represents the host address. The prefix length is specified by the subnet mask, with bits set to 1 indicating the network address and bits set to 0 indicating the host address.
For example, given an IP address of 192.168.1.100 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, the network address would be 192.168.1.0 and the host address would be 100. The subnet mask separates the IP address into two parts, with the first 24 bits (as specified by the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0) identifying the network address and the last 8 bits identifying the host address.
The subnet mask is used by routers to determine which portion of the IP address to use when forwarding data between networks. Routers use the network address to identify the network and the host address to identify the specific device within that network. By using subnet masks, networks can be divided into smaller, more manageable subnets, making it easier to manage and route network traffic.
18. What are the guidelines to verify network reliability?
Network reliability indicates the capability of the network to carry out the needed operation by a network such as communication through a network. Also, network reliability plays an important part in network functionality. The network monitoring practices and devices are the necessities for creating network reliability. Further, the network monitoring system recognizes the problems that occurred in the network while the network devices assure that data should relinquish the appropriate destination.
19. Can you describe Firewall in your own terms?
It is a network security system that is practiced to secure computer networks from unauthorized access. It stops malicious entrance from external to the computer network. Also, a firewall can also be formulated to give limited way to outside users.
The firewall comprises a software program, hardware device, or a blended configuration of both. Further, all the messages that route by the firewall are reviewed by special security criteria, and the messages which meet the criteria are fortunately traversed through the network, or else those messages are blocked.
20. What are the advantages of the computer networking?
The main advantages of computer networking are–
- Resource sharing
- Partaking devices such as scanners, printers, or fax machines
- File sharing
- Sharing software on obscure systems
- sharing a particular internet connection
- Expanding storage capacity using network-attached storage devices
- Advanced communication using emails, messaging, videos, etc.
21. What do you understand by the term CodeIgniter?
CodeIgniter is an open-source and robust framework that is utilized for producing web applications on PHP. Also, it is loosely based on the MVC pattern and related to Cake PHP. CodeIgniter includes libraries, a simplistic interface, and a logical structure to obtain these libraries, plug-ins, and some other resources which answer the complex functions of PHP more quickly maintaining high performance. It explains the PHP code and carries out a fully interactive, effective website in a much shorter time.
22. What are the benefits of VPN?
Below are few benefits of using the VPN:
- VPN is applied to join offices in distinctive geographical locations remotely and is more inferior when compared to WAN connections.
- It is used for safe transactions and private data transfer among multiple offices placed in distinctive geographical locations.
- Also, it keeps an organization’s information guarded against any inherent warnings or intrusions by utilizing virtualization.
- It encrypts the internet transit and covers the online identity.
23. Tell me the maximum length permitted for a UTP cable?
One segment of UTP cable has a permissible length of 90 to 100 meters. Also, this limitation can be surmounted by utilizing repeaters and switches.
24. Difference between Nodes and links.
Link: A link or edge indicates the connectivity among two nodes in the network. It involves the type of connectivity (wireless or wired) among the nodes and protocols utilized for one node to be capable to interact with the other.
Nodes: Any communicating equipment in a network has denominated a Node. A node is a point of crossing in a network. Also, it can receive/send data within a network. For Example, laptops, computers, modems, printers, servers, etc.
25. What do you understand by data encapsulation?
Data encapsulation is the method of cutting down data or information into shorter, manageable pieces before it is transferred across the network. In this process that the source and destination addresses are attached to the headers, along with parity checks.
26. What is the difference between a switch and a hub?
A switch and a hub are both networking devices used to connect devices on a network, but they differ in the way they handle and manage network traffic.
A hub is a simple, passive device that broadcasts incoming data to all connected devices, regardless of their physical address. All data sent to a hub is broadcast to all devices connected to the hub, creating a lot of unnecessary network traffic and leading to collisions and slow performance.
On the other hand, a switch is an active device that uses the MAC (Media Access Control) addresses of connected devices to create a map of the network. The switch uses this map to intelligently forward data to only the devices that need it, reducing network congestion and increasing performance.
In summary, the main differences between a switch and a hub are:
- Data forwarding: A hub broadcasts data to all connected devices, while a switch forwards data only to the intended recipient.
- Network traffic: Hubs create a lot of unnecessary network traffic, while switches reduce network traffic and increase performance.
- Management: Hubs have no intelligence, while switches maintain a map of the network and use it to manage network traffic.
Overall, switches provide better performance, security, and manageability than hubs, making them the preferred choice for most modern networks.
27. Explain Bridge in Networking.
A Bridge is a networking appliance that correlates various LANs to build a single, whole network segment. This method of forming networks to create a larger LAN is acknowledged as Network Bridging. Also, Bridges operate as the layer 2 network or data link layer of the OSI design and convey data as data frames.
28. Difference between ‘client’ and ‘server’.
- Servers and Clients are separate logical substances that work collectively over a network to perform a task.
- Client demand is the component of communication that demands or requests network assistance, for instance, obtaining a web page, or sending an email, or downloading a file.
- A server application is the component of interaction that answers consumer requests, giving the essential service, that is, transferring the web page or the demanded file or email.
- The client-server model is utilized by computer applications like the worldwide web, email, and network printing.
29. Explain the term ring topology.
- Each and every node is attached to specifically two nodes making a ring structure.
- If one of the nodes is destroyed, it will destroy the entire network.
- It is applied very infrequently as it is costly and difficult to connect and manage.
30. Explain the difference between a Domain and a Workgroup.
| Workgroup | Domain |
|---|---|
| All computers are equals and no computer has authority over another computer. | Network admin practices one or more extra computer as a server and provides all accesses, protection permission to all distinct computers in a network |
| All computers need to be on an equal local area network | In the domain, computers can be on a separate local network. |
| Each computer has its personal authentication command for each user account. | Domains have centralized authentication servers which commenced the dominion of authentication. |
| Each and every computer has set of user account. If the user has account on that particular computer then only the user capable to reach the computer, etc. | If the user has an account in the domain then user can login to any computer in the domain, etc. |
31. Explain Mesh topology.
- Each and every node is attached to one or multiple nodes.
- It is robust as the breakdown in one link only detaches that node.
- It is infrequently practiced and installation and management are unmanageable.
32. What do you understand by a ‘frame relay’ ?
Frame Relay is a protocol, data link layer digital packet switched network protocol technology, specially created to combine local area networks (LANs) and transport data over (WANs) wide area networks. Also, Frame Relay distributes some of the identical underlying technology as X.25.
33. Briefly explain NAT.
NAT stands for Network Address Translation. It is a protocol that gives a space for multiple computers on a shared network to share a single connection to the Internet.
34. What do you understand by 127.0.0.1 and localhost?
An IP address 127.0.0.1, is maintained for localhost or loopback connections. These systems are normally reserved for the highest customers or some of the fundamental members of the Internet. Also, to recognize any connection culmination, the primary step is to ping the server and monitor if it is responding.
If there is no answer from the server then there are several problems like the network is poor or the cable requires to be renewed or the network card is not in great condition. 127.0.0.1 is a loopback attachment on the (NIC) Network Interface Card and if you are capable of ping this server triumphantly, then it indicates that the hardware is in a great shape and position.
So, 127.0.0.1 and localhost are the equal or same things in most of the computer network functioning.
35. List some prominent characteristics of CodeIgniter?
Followings are the most prominent characteristics of CodeIgniter:
- It is an open-source framework and available to use.
- It is very light weighted.
- It is based on the (MVC) Model View Controller design.
- It has full-featured database classes and assistance for various platforms.
- It is extensible.
- Great documentation.
36. Describe Tree topology.
- A mixture of bus and star topology also knows as an extended bus topology.
- All the shorter star networks are attached to a single bus.
- If the central bus fails, the entire network is disabled.
37. Explain Classes of Network.
The Classes of IPV4 are generally of 5 types:
| Class A | 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 |
| Class B | 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 |
| Class C | 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 |
| Class D | 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 |
| Class E | 240.0.0.0 to 247.255.255.255 |
38. How can one join models to a database manually?
To join database manually, one can use following syntax,
- $this->load->database();
39. Describe Hybrid topology.
- It is a mixture of various topologies to create a new topology.
- It accommodates to overlook the disadvantage of a particular topology and benefits to pick the strengths from others.
40. Explain the distinction between the Intranet, Internet, and Extranet?
The terms Intranet, Internet, and Extranet are determined to explain how the applications in the network can be obtained. They use alike TCP/IP technology but the contrast in terms of way levels for all users inside the network and outside the network.
- Internet: Applications are obtained by anyone from any place practicing the web.
- Extranet: External users are provided with access to work the network application of the organization.
- Intranet: It provides limited entrance to users in an identical organization.
41. What are the types of mode available in Network?
The three Data transferring mode in a computer network are:
Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex
42. Difference between Private and Special IP addresses.
Private Address: For each and every class, there are special IPs that are maintained especially for private use only. Also, this IP address cannot be utilized for devices on the Internet as they are non-routable.
Special Address: IP addresses range from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 are network testing addresses also called loopback addresses are the special IP address.
43. Define SLIP protocol.
SLIP or Serial Line Interface Protocol is practiced for sending IP datagram over a network in a single line.
44. Explain MAC address.
A Media Access Control (MAC) address is an individual 48-bit hardware address of a LAN card, normally saved in the ROM of the network adapter card. Also, the MAC address is a sole identifier that manufacturers commit to a network card or device. It is also called a physical address denoted by hexadecimal digits.
Each and every MAC address involves six sets of numbers. The first three pairs support identifying the manufacturer and the following three to the specific model.
45. List the key components of the protocol.
There are 3 key components of the protocol:
- Syntax: Specify the composition of the data.
- Semantics: Explains the significance of each section.
- Timings: Describe the timing that how quickly the data can be sent.
46. Explain UDP protocol.
UDP or User Datagram Protocol based on Datagrams. Principally, it is utilized for broadcasting and multicasting. Its functionality is as same as the TCP/IP Protocol except for the three styles of handshaking and error checking. Also, it practices simple transportation without any hand-shaking which presents it less reliable.
47. Define RIP?
RIP which stands for Routing Information Protocol is utilized by routers to transfer data from one network to different. It manages routing data by spreading its routing table to all additional routers within the network. It defines the network length in units of hops.
48. What do you understand by IEEE?
IEEE or we can say Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is the world’s most extensive technical professional society and is dedicated to encouraging innovation and technological excellence.
49. Describe Ipconfig and Ifconfig.
Ipconfig or Internet Protocol Configuration- this command is utilized on Microsoft Windows to observe and configure the network interface. It is helpful for advertising all TCP/IP network report information currently open on a network. Also, it helps to transform the DHCP protocol and DNS framework.
Ifconfig or Interface Configuration is a command that is practiced on Mac, Linux, and UNIX operating systems. Also, it is utilized to configure, restrain the TCP/IP network interface parameters from Command Line Interface. Further, it enables you to view the IP addresses of network interfaces.
50. What is the highest portion length of a 100Base-FX network?
The highest segment length will be 412 meters.
51. Define beaconing.
Beaconing is the method that enables a network to self-repair network problems.
52. Explain helper in CodeIgniter. How can a helper file be loaded?
Helpers are the set of functions that are practiced to help the user to perform special tasks or duties.
- URL Helpers: It is used to make the links.
- Text Helpers: It is practiced for text formatting.
- Cookies Helpers: It is practiced for reading and setting cookies.
53. What are the four types of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?
There are 4 kinds of ARP –
- Gratuitous ARP
- Inverse ARP
- Proxy ARP
- Reverse ARP
54. Define the CodeIgniter library.
CodeIgniter grants a rich pair of libraries. It is a necessary part of CodeIgniter as it enhances the developing speed of an application. It is stored in the system/library.
56. How can one build a library in CodeIgniter?
There are three processes to make a library,
- Making a completely new library
- Increasing native libraries
- Reestablishing native libraries
57. Define piggybacking.
During the transportation of data packages in two-way communication, the receiver conducts an acceptance (control frame or ACK) to the receiver after accepting the data packages. Nevertheless, the receiver does not address the acknowledgment shortly, but, remains until its network layer moves in the subsequent data packet. Then, the ACK is connected to the outgoing data frame. This method of keeping the ACK and connecting it to the next outgoing data structure is called piggybacking.
58. Do you have any kind of certification to expand your opportunities as a Networking professional?
Usually, interviewers look for applicants who are solemn about improving their career options by producing the use of further tools like certifications. Certificates are obvious proof that the candidate has put in all attempts to learn new abilities, comprehend them, and put them into use at the most excellent of their capacity. Insert the certifications, if you have any, and do hearsay about them in brief, describing what you learned from the programs and how they’ve been important to you so far.
59. Do you have any prior experience serving in an identical industry like ours?
Answer: Here comes an outspoken question. It aims to evaluate if you have the industry-specific abilities that are required for the contemporary role. Even if you do not hold all of the skills and experience, make certain to completely describe how you can still make utilization of the skills and knowledge you’ve accomplished in the past to serve the company.
60. Why are you preparing for the Networking professional position in our company specifically?
Answer: By this question, the interviewer is attempting to see how well you can influence them concerning your knowledge in the subject, managing all the cloud services, besides the requirement for practicing structured Network methodologies and computing to the clouds. It is always an advantage to already know the job specification in particular, along with the return and the aspects of the company, thereby achieving a comprehensive knowledge of what tools, services, and Networking methodologies are needed to work in the role triumphantly.
These are the above significant Networking questions and answers related to Computer Networking. The Networking key points which you have to comprise are the All layers functionality, OSI model, the Classful Networking and Topologies, classes of the IPv4, and configuration for VPN and VPC. I believe these interview questions will definitely help you to snap your next hardware and networking interview. Stay safe and practicing!
